Receiving a letter saying that a cervical smear test has returned an abnormal result is unsettling. For most women, the word abnormal immediately raises the fear of cancer. The reality is considerably more reassuring. The large majority of abnormal smear results do not indicate cancer. They indicate cellular changes in the cervix that need to be looked at more closely, and that is exactly what colposcopy is for.
At KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Electronic City, colposcopy is performed by experienced gynaecologists who understand that the procedure carries an emotional weight alongside the clinical one. Our team takes time to explain what is being done and why, so that women leave the appointment with a clear understanding of their results and next steps.
What Colposcopy Is
A colposcopy examines the cervix in detail using a colposcope, a specialised illuminated magnifying instrument that allows the gynaecologist to view the cervical surface in great detail. It does not enter the body. The colposcope remains outside while providing a magnified view of the cervix through the speculum.
The examination typically takes between fifteen and thirty minutes. Solutions are applied to the cervix during the examination that cause abnormal cells to appear more visibly different from normal tissue under magnification. If areas of concern are identified, a small biopsy is taken for laboratory analysis to determine precisely what type of cellular change is present and whether treatment is needed.
When Colposcopy Is Recommended
Colposcopy is recommended in the following situations:
- An abnormal cervical smear result, including the detection of high-risk HPV alongside cellular changes on the smear
- A cervical smear showing high-grade dyskaryosis, which requires colposcopic assessment regardless of HPV status
- Persistent low-grade changes on repeat smears over time
- Bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse, which may indicate a cervical cause requiring direct visualisation
- A visible lesion or suspicious-looking area on the cervix identified during a routine gynaecological examination
- Symptoms or clinical findings suggesting cervical pathology in a woman who has not had recent smear testing
Understanding the Results
The biopsy is examined by a pathologist, and then they classify it according to the degree of cellular abnormality present. The results of the biopsy can take 7-10 days. It is called Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, or CIN, which is graded from one to three. CIN1 means mild changes that may resolve without any treatment. CIN2 and CIN3 show moderate to severe changes with a chance of progressing to cervical cancer without treatment. They require treatment in most cases.
Results are typically available within two to four weeks. Our team provides a clear explanation of what the results mean, what the recommended management involves, and what to expect going forward, in a follow-up consultation or through direct communication.
Treatment for Abnormal Cervical Cells
When colposcopy and biopsy confirm CIN2 or CIN3, treatment is suggested to remove the abnormal cells before they can progress. The standard treatment is a large loop excision of the transformation zone, commonly abbreviated as LLETZ. It is done in the outpatient setting under local anaesthetic, in which a fine wire loop heated by an electrical current removes a small sample of cervical tissue containing the abnormal cells.
This a day care procedure and doesn’t involve outpatient basis. Mild cramping during and after the procedure is expected. Most women return to normal activities the following day, with the exception of sexual intercourse and swimming for four weeks while the cervix heals.
The removed tissue is sent for further laboratory analysis to confirm the margins are clear, providing additional information about the completeness of treatment.
Other treatment options that may be used in specific circumstances include cold coagulation and cervical laser ablation, both of which destroy rather than excise abnormal tissue and are appropriate in selected clinical situations.
Follow-up After Treatment
Women are invited for a test of cure following treatment for cervical cell changes. It combines a cervical smear with HPV testing, at six months after treatment. A normal test of cure result means a return to routine screening intervals. A persistent abnormal result prompts further colposcopic assessment.
Regular follow-up after treatment is important. Although the risk of recurrence is low, it is not absent. If there is any recurrence, surveillance at an early stage can get you timely treatment.
HPV and Cervical Health
Human papillomavirus is the main cause of cellular changes in the cervix and cervical cancer. HPV is likely to be present in most sexually active people at some point in their lives, and in the majority of cases, the immune system clears the infection without any lasting effect. Some women may have high-risk strains of HPV. They can cause cellular changes in the cervix in the long run.
Girls and boys can receive the HPV vaccination before the age of sexual activity. It protects against the high-risk strains that are responsible for cervical cancer. HPV vaccine is also recommended for older women up to age 45. Our team provides guidance on HPV vaccination for eligible patients and their families alongside the management of abnormal smear results.
Why Choose KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Electronic City
Colposcopy requires a specialist gynaecologist with specific training and experience in the examination and management of cervical pathology. Our dedicated team at KIMS Hospital can diagnose the problem and provide therapeutic solutions. They can explain all the necessary aspects of colposcopy in a single appointment.
Women residing in Electronic City, Neeladri Nagar, Attibele, and Hosur Road do not have to travel far, as the service is available locally if they have been advised to undergo colposcopy. It can avoid the unnecessary stress of a long wait for an appointment.
Book a Consultation
You do not have to worry if you have been referred for colposcopy. Our team at KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Electronic City, is here to help you at every step. Book an appointment online or by phone.
