Urological conditions in children are more common than most parents realise. Many are identified prenatally through routine ultrasound scans, others present in the newborn period, and some become apparent only as a child grows and patterns of bladder function or urinary tract infection become clear. These require assessment and management by a specialist who understands how the urinary and reproductive tracts develop and function in children at every age.
The Paediatric Urology service at KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Mahadevapura provides specialist assessment and surgical management of urological conditions in children from newborns through to adolescence. Our paediatric urologists and surgeons are experienced in both minimally invasive and open surgical techniques, operating within a fully equipped paediatric hospital environment with dedicated paediatric anaesthesia support for all procedures.
Why Children's Urological Conditions Need a Specialist
The urinary tract of a child is not simply a smaller version of an adult's. Congenital abnormalities affect the development of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra in ways that are unique to the paediatric age group. The management decisions made in infancy and early childhood, including when to intervene surgically and when to monitor, have long-term implications for kidney function and urological health that extend into adult life.
A paediatric urologist brings specialist training in childhood urological anatomy and physiology, expertise in the specific surgical techniques required for small and developing structures, and an understanding of how urological conditions evolve over the course of childhood and adolescence.
Conditions We Manage
Congenital abnormalities
Many urological conditions are identified prenatally when routine ultrasound scans detect abnormalities of kidney size, shape, or position, or dilation of the renal collecting system. Antenatal hydronephrosis, where one or both kidneys appear dilated on prenatal scan, is the most common finding and requires postnatal assessment to determine the underlying cause and whether intervention is needed.
Conditions managed in this category include pelviureteric junction obstruction, where the drainage of urine from the kidney to the ureter is obstructed and requires surgical correction through pyeloplasty, vesicoureteric junction obstruction, duplex kidney and ureter anomalies, renal agenesis and dysplasia requiring long-term kidney function monitoring, and multicystic dysplastic kidney.
Vesicoureteric reflux
In this condition, the urine flows back into the ureters and kidneys during voiding. Recurrent urinary tract infection in children is common due to this problem and it also carries a risk of kidney scarring and long-term kidney damage if it remains untreated. Management depends on the grade of reflux and the clinical context, ranging from watchful waiting with antibiotic prophylaxis to endoscopic injection or surgical reimplantation of the ureter.
Hypospadias
This condition is congenital, in which the urethral opening is present on the underside of the penis. It is one of the most common urological conditions in boys, affecting approximately one in every 300 male births. Surgical correction, performed in the first two years of life in most cases, restores normal urethral anatomy and appearance. The surgical technique varies depending on the position of the meatus and the degree of any associated penile curvature, and requires specialist paediatric urological surgical expertise to achieve the best functional and cosmetic outcome.
Undescended testis
Generally, the testes descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth. Surgical correction through orchidopexy is recommended between six and eighteen months of age when one or both testes remain in the abdomen or inguinal canal. Early correction reduces the risk of impaired fertility and the small but significant increased risk of testicular malignancy associated with an undescended testis.
Phimosis and prepuce conditions
Phimosis, where the foreskin cannot be fully retracted, is normal in young children and most cases resolve spontaneously. Phimosis can cause infections, urinary difficulties, or significant discomfort well into later childhood. Topical treatment and surgical intervention, in some cases, can be helpful in its management.
Bladder and voiding dysfunction
Bladder dysfunction in children encompasses a range of conditions affecting how the bladder stores and empties urine. Overactive bladder, underactive bladder, dysfunctional voiding, and neurogenic bladder in children with spinal conditions or neurodisability all fall within the scope of paediatric urology. Assessment includes urodynamic studies to characterise bladder function. Its management combines behavioural approaches, physiotherapy, and surgical or pharmacological intervention if it is necessary.
Nocturnal enuresis
Bedwetting beyond the age of five years requires proper assessment when it is affecting the child's confidence and social participation. Our team assesses for underlying bladder dysfunction or urological causes and provides a stepped management programme including alarm therapy and behavioural strategies.
Urinary tract infections and kidney scarring
Recurrent urinary tract infections in children require assessment to identify whether an underlying structural abnormality is the reason for infection. Renal ultrasound, micturating cystourethrogram where vesicoureteric reflux is suspected, and DMSA renal scan can help doctors identify existing kidney scarring and, also monitor for new scarring after infections. Early identification of structural causes allows appropriate management to protect long-term kidney function.
Kidney stones in children
Nephrolithiasis in children requires investigation for metabolic causes, structural abnormalities, and dietary factors alongside management of the stones themselves. Minimally invasive treatment, including shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy are available for children with stones requiring active treatment.
Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgical Approaches
Our paediatric urology team at KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Mahadevapura, uses minimally invasive surgical approaches wherever appropriate, including laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques for procedures including pyeloplasty, orchidopexy for intra-abdominal testis, and ureteric reimplantation. Hospital stays are shorter when there is minimally invasive surgery. The post-operative pain is also less, along with faster recovery.
Why Choose KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Mahadevapura
Paediatric urology requires a team with specific surgical expertise in the developing urinary and reproductive tract, access to paediatric-specific investigation tools including urodynamics and nuclear medicine renal scanning, and the full paediatric hospital infrastructure needed for safe surgical care in children of all ages. At KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Mahadevapura, all of this is available within a fully integrated children's hospital, with immediate access to paediatric nephrology, neonatology, and the paediatric intensive care unit.
For families in East Bengaluru, Whitefield, and Marathahalli, having access to specialist paediatric urological care close to home reduces the burden of managing conditions that often require multiple assessments, investigations, and in many cases staged surgical procedures over the first years of life.
Book a Consultation
If your child has been identified as having a urological condition prenatally or after birth, or if you have concerns about your child's urinary tract health, our paediatric urology team at KIMS Cuddles at KIMS Hospitals, Mahadevapura, is here to help. Book an appointment online or by phone.
